Gallic acid (also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a trihydroxybenzoic acid with the formula C6H2(OH)3CO2H. It is classified as a phenolic acid. It is found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, and other plants. It is a white solid, although samples are typically brown owing to partial oxidation. Salts and esters of gallic acid are termed "gallates".
Its name is derived from oak galls, which were historically used to prepare tannic acid. Despite the name, gallic acid does not contain gallium. Gallic acid can be used as raw material to synthesize gallic acid ester compounds. Alkyl esters of gallic acid can be divided into low esters (such as methyl ester, ethyl ester, propyl ester, etc.) and high esters (such as octyl ester, lauryl ester, octadecyl alcohol ester, etc.) according to the number of alkyl carbon atoms. These ester compounds are excellent food antioxidants.